Did you try the following (from MacSpeech Dictate help files, but fixed the same problem in Dictate)? When it references MacSpeech Dictate, substitute Dragon Dictate.
I've found that changing preferences seems to cause this, but I'm not sure. After the last fix, I stopped changing the preferences and it hasn't happened again so far (fingers crossed). I have only had to use step #1 below, which has always fixed the application launch crashes I was getting.
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62. MacSpeech Dictate is crashing when I launch the application.
There are a couple of common causes for this crashing, including:
A problem with the Preferences.
Damaged or incomplete data files.
One of the following steps should solve the issue. Please try them one at a time.
If Step #1 does not solve the problem, then try Step #2.
STEP #1
Delete the MacSpeech Dictate preferences file.
1. Quit MacSpeech Dictate
2. Open the boot harddrive ("Macintosh HD" - or whatever you've named it)
3. Open the current user's "Home" folder (shown as a house icon)
4. Open Library folder
5. Open Application Support folder
6. Open MacSpeech folder
7. Open Dictate folder
8. Drag the file "xxx.dictatelicense" to the desktop (where "xxx" will be something like your name)
9. Go back to the Library folder
10. Open Preferences folder
11. Find and delete the file "com.macspeech.dictate.plist"
12. Launch MacSpeech Dictate.
13. If MacSpeech Dictate is still crashing when launched, please try Step #2 below.
STEP #2
Repair damaged data files.
1. Quit MacSpeech Dictate
2. Download and run the Dictate Data First Aid utility as shown in this article.
3. If that does not solve the issue, please contact MacSpeech Technical Support.